State Health Information Systems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2246 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Topic:State Health Information Systems Table of Contents Abstract Introduction4 Literature Review.5 Benefits.5 Integration of decision support tools across hospitals5 Provision of self-care information to public.6 Provision of Online Training Tools for Healthcare Professionals..6 Increase interaction between personnel in healthcare setting6 Factors Influencing ICT Adoption in Healthcare Industry.7 Integration of decision support tools across accessibility7 Quality of care7 Market demand..7 Cost..8 Increase business capacity..8 Increased internal efficiency.8 Analysis and Findings.9 Findings.9 Conclusion..13 References14 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "State Health Information Systems" essay for you Create order Abstract The motivation behind this study was to look at the banquet of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) reception and usage in restorative focuses in the State Health Center. The essential destination of this study was to recognize the components and profits inferred from ICT appropriation among attendants. Quantitative exploration has been connected in the study where poll was utilized as the instrument. In light of the information picked up in this study, data stockpiling and recovery were the real profits of ICT through four chose elements, specifically sort of ICT provisions, kind of ICT aptitudes, ICT selection variables and profits of ICT appropriation. The result showed that the majority of the attendants concurred that ICT enhanced business effectiveness and also aided them in day by day correspondence in their interpersonal connections. From the discoveries, it was learnt that the healing centers ought to anticipate enhancing ICT abilities and learning among thei r medical caretakers to guarantee the occupation effectiveness. In future examination, respondents of multi level positions might be further talked about, other than concentrating on the inconveniences of ICT reception openly and private doctors facilities. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Adoption, Implementation. Introduction Data and Communication Technology or ICT really alludes to an expansive range of innovations that permit clients to get, transform, and offer thoughts and assets, Paul (2003). ICT comprises however not constrained to email, choice help supportive network, and wellbeing data framework. This sort of innovation can help restorative experts in therapeutic coding, medicinal charging, enrollment, bookkeeping, imparting among others. In light of Ahmad (2008), in Malaysia, expanding interest for wellbeing tourism, the doctors facilities need to overhaul their human services administrations to meet universal gauges, the expanding weight for government to redesign the health awareness industry and todays tech-shrewd buyers requesting better social insurance and client administrations are a portion of the driving components in embracing mechanization in the medicinal services industry. As per Baldwin (2006), ICT assumes a vital part in conveying human services today. Health awareness expert i ncluding specialists and attendants are involved in what is seen as a radical movement plan for enhancing the National Healthcare Service in United Kingdom. Wilson and Anderson (2000) said that while wellbeing data innovation gives the best effect on organization capacities, for example, diminishing paperwork and workload of human services experts, expanding authoritative efficiencies and growing access to reasonable consideration, it likewise has indicated adequacy in avoiding restorative lapses by authorizing clinical rules and conventions and decreasing social insurance cost. With human services expense and quality confirmation taking focal parts in the health awareness plan, expanding consideration is constantly regulated towards the capability of ICT to lower social insurance using and to enhance productivity, quality if medicinal services conveyance, and wellbeing of restorative forethought. As confirmation by applicable writing drawn from numbers and sources impacting over view, yearly sparing from effectiveness came about because of ICT appropriation could be produced roughly 77 billion dollars (RAND, 2006). Hence this study endeavors to firstly distinguish the components that impact ICT reception, then look at the event determined from it lastly to focus the acquaintanceship of ICT aptitudes and the discernment of ICT profits. Literature Review In the setting of this study, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) alludes to a wide range of innovations that permit clients to get, transform and offer thoughts and assets. The methodology is continuously helped by mastering the advancement utilizing of the devices of ICT where its learning is a like new engineering to get with uncommon and held assets (Kizza, 2007). Todays all associations are using ICT advances to cut expenses, enhancing productivity and likewise to give superior client administrations. Moreover, governments far and wide are embracing ICT to encourage a business environment and to energize open rivalry trust and security, and institutionalization (Ashrafi and Murtaza, 2008). As indicated by Stroetmann, Dobrev, Karla and Jean, (2007) included that, in the same way as other mechanical parts, solid substantiation recommends that it is not ICT in disengagement that prompts profits like increment nature of forethought, decreased mistakes and the same time the expense sparing is huge, however should suitable with adjusting financing in work environment, human capital and medicinal services forms renewal. The requisition of ICT health awareness frameworks is without any special case that give convenient data is demonstrated to spare lives, enhance the quality and productivity of the wellbeing conveyance framework and hold the expense (Vivianen, 2007). (Marrow, P., 2006) Benefits Integration of decision support tools across hospitals As indicated by Marrow (2005), there are number of sources and structures that clinical and authoritative staff in clinic need to manage. Regardless of which division they need to speak with one another crosswise over healing center framework. These innovations must be custom-made to help the earth. It is significant to empower these innovations to be adaptable for choice making crosswise over and inside the healing center setting. Provision of self-care information to public There were a lot of activities by the medicinal services association to expand the essentialness of planning toward oneself. In this sense ICT could give potential access of staff in light of the advancement of web and changing correspondence media. The new web administration and intuitive interface will ready to support the self-forethought courses of action, incorporating self-finding in specific conditions and equipped to aid in giving guideline whether including clinical experts (Marrow, 2005). Provision of Online Training Tools for Healthcare Professionals As said by Marrow, (2005), clinical staff who are taught on the best way to utilize ICT gadgets will be more versatile to their natures domain. In a few circumstances, ICT devices, for example, cell phones will give open doors to do the preparation at advantageous focuses while living up to expectations. This will expand cooperation between other social insurance experts who captivate the comparable preparing without apprehension being occupied from their everyday work exercises. (Murtaza, A. A., 2008) Increase interaction between personnel in healthcare setting As per Simon, Evette, Tutty, Operskalski Korff (2004), appropriation of ICT will give collaboration between patients and professionals. Use of feature conferencing will give varying media correspondence and the phones will give interchanges to the same reason. In Canada, there were demonstrated that acknowledgement of feature conferencing is nearly high, attributable to its preferences in diminishing expense for doctors for diminished time for meeting and expense putting something aside for patients to travel. Factors Influencing ICT Adoption in Healthcare Industry Integration of decision support tools across accessibility The principle variables of impacting ICT selection among general professionals are to give access to the wellbeing administrations for the subjects at whatever time and wherever and particularly for the patients from provincial regions and residential communities. ICT justifiable point of interest in remote or country ranges is the enhanced access to wellbeing administrations taking out at some point the requirement for a patient to set out to an inaccessible healing facility (Rudowski, 2006). (Simon, E. E., 2004) Quality of care The elements that affecting the ICT selection will helped altogether to better nature of consideration. This is extremely paramount to guarantee medicinal services experts give better administrations to patients. ICT selection will lead in diminishing excess work or data about patients. In this way, it can help general professionals to enhance the nature of forethought in the business (Rudowski, 2006). Market demand The Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH) is the lead org and the principle supplier of human services benefits in Malaysia. It is about ninety eight percent (98%) of subsidy for all open therapeutic costs. The private health awareness division has been growing quickly lately and is focusing on richer populace. Expanding mindfulness and climbing interest for better social insurance offices are driving establishments of cutting edge engineering frameworks in clinics in Malaysia. Accordingly, open and private clinics are receiving ICT in human services industry (Ahmad, 2008). Cost The ceaselessly climbing expense is the primary issue of the contemporary wellbeing administration in numerous nations. These expense may not be satisfactory both for creating and created nations. ICT can diminish the expense of medicinal services by decentralizing the mind that empowering restorative administrations at a more level where they are less expensive (Rudowski, 2006). Increase business capacity Riquelmen (2002), has observed that the appropriation of ICT is essentially connected with business size (as far as either the amount of representatives or turnover). An alternate study directed by Blackburn and Athayde (2000) and Macgregor and Vrazalic (2006) uncovered a noteworthy connection between the level of Internet selection and the business size which was characterized as far as the amount of workers. It demonstrated the limit of a business would develop parallel with the ICT selection rate. Increased internal efficiency The accomplishment on ICT reception was controlled by a study directed by Quayle (2002). It demonstrated the elements that affected ICT reported by little medium endeavor administrators, included lessened organization expenses, decreased stock, enhanced advertising and enhanced nature of data. In any case, Tetteh and Burn (2001) demonstrated that the appropriation of Icts considerably expanded inside proficiency. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Analysis and Findings The testing casing in this study was acquired from the Human Resource Department of Pusrawi Hospital Sdn. Bhd. The testing system utilized was basic irregular inspecting where from a populace of 90 attendants, 77% or what added up to 70 medical caretakers were the respondents of the study. A set of poll was utilized as a study instrument and Statistical Package in the Social Science Software (SPSS) variant 17.0 was utilized to investigate the gathered information. Findings It is discovered that from the discoveries, the majority of the respondents concur that ICT can enhance good to go proficiency and ICT is extremely valuable for data stockpiling and recovery with both of the variables impart the most astounding mean worth of 3.71. These demonstrate the profits inferred from ICT reception in Pusrawi Hospital Sdn. Bhd. Table 1: ICT can improve in business efficiency. Frequency Percent Mean SD Disagree 1 1.4 Uncertain 27 38.6 Agree 33 47.7 Strongly Agree 9 12. Total 70 100 3.71 .70 Table 2: ICT is very useful for information storage and retrieval. Frequency Percent Mean SD Disagree 1 1.4 Uncertain 28 40.0 Agree 31 44.3 Strongly Agree 10 14.3 Total 70 100 3.71 .72 The discovering shows that the most noteworthy mean is 3.71, alluding to the respondents accept that ICT can enhance correspondence with my partners. The second most astounding mean is additionally 3.71, indicating that respondents feel that their undertaking obliged them to receive ICT. It is presumed that the variables that impacted ICT selection in Pusrawi Hospital Sdn. Bhd. would be on their IT related errands so as to enhance their administration in patient forethought. This is because of change of ICT utilization among their medical caretakers where they get more IT clever in completing their errands particularly to hunt down data through the Internet. Table 3: ICT can improve my communication with other colleagues. Table 4: My task requires me to adopt ICT. Frequency Percent Mean SD Disagree 16 22.9 Uncertain 19 27.1 Agree 33 47.1 Strongly Agree 2 2.9 Total 70 100 3.71 .85 From the discoveries, it is reasoned that a large portion of the medical caretakers in Pusrawi Hospital Sdn. Bhd. have aptitudes in word handling. This could be demonstrated by the most noteworthy mean score of 4.08. The second most astounding mean is on the abilities of forming, sending and putting away email which is 3.98. These demonstrated that the medical attendants utilize their ICT aptitudes by staying in contact among them and the specialists utilizing email provision, particularly to mastermind patients visits and in the meantime profit them regarding undertaking effectiveness and speedier conclusion. (Murtaza, A. A., 2008) Table 5: Usage of Word Processing Frequency Percent Mean SD Disagree 1 1.4 Uncertain 5 7.1 Agree 51 72.9 Strongly Agree 13 18.6 Total 70 100 4.08 .55 Table 6: Usage of Composing, Sending and Storing E-mail Application Conclusion ICTs can enhance the nature of administrations in provincial doctors facilities, lessen sets back the finances and enhance the effectiveness. Then again, there are a couple of innovations that exist inside the rustic zones, these advances are not sufficient for the execution of e-wellbeing results. For e-wellbeing answers for be executed effectively, the key is to first manage the hindrances or difficulties that exist inside the creating countries. Just when the difficulties have been determined, will the provincial regions have the capacity to delight in the gigantic profits that e-wellbeing results give? In this manner the difficulties ought to be tended to in a regulated process in understanding to accessibility of assets nearby inside the given periods keeping in mind the end goal to actualize the utilization of e-wellbeing results inside created countries. References Ahmad, N. (2008). Malaysia: Healthcare Information Technology. Malaysia: Public Health Services , pp. 1-7. Lynne P. Baldwin, M. C. (2002). Telemedicine and its role in improving communication in healthcare. Logistic Information Management, , 309-319. M. Kizza, M. J. . (2007). Strengthening the role of ICT in development. Marrow, P. (2006). An industrial on future ICt in Hospital. pervasive ICT Research Centre. Murtaza, A. A. (2008). Use and impact of ICT on SMEs in Oman. The Electronic Journal Information Systems Evolution, , 125-138. Paul.D. (2003). Information communication technology (ICT): integrating digital tools into your project. Information collection and Exchange Publication,. Quayle, M. (2002). E-commerce: the challenge for UK SMEs in the twenty-first century. International Journal of Operations and Production Management , 1148-1161. Simon, E. E. (2004). Telephone psychotherapy and telephone care management for primary care patients starting antidepr essant treatment. JAMA. Tetteh, E. A. (2001). Global strategies for SME-business: applying the SMALL framework. Logistics Information Management , 171-180. 1

Analysis Of The Poem Blue Lipstick - 797 Words

This crafty collection of poems is an expression of Jessie’s, a fifteen year old girl, words and thoughts about the world and people around her. The poems express her emotions of having a bad hair day, choosing friends, and even her super annoying brother. Her laughable, sarcastic take on high school life is shown through concrete poetry: words, ideas, and design that combine to make pictures and patterns. The illustrations and text really make each poem magical. Young adults enjoy poetry, poems associated to their moods, emotions, provide humor for them and may give a new outlook of a topic. It is a way to reach teenagers through shorter literary work. Poetry is carefully selected for their sonorous and rhythmic effect. It is the concentrated expression of ideas and feelings through imaginative words. The words are place together to form thought that provoke humor and other emotions in the reader. Blue Lipstick is a great example of young adult poetry, the poems are told in first person by Jessie, a teenage girl. Blue Lipstick is a poetry book by a single poet, John Grandits. His interpretation of Jessie’s thoughts keeps the reader enjoying each poem. I also feel the collection is a thematic poetry book because the entire collection is about the everyday life of Jessie. Jessie explaining about her bad hair day starts off the poems. She and Lisa, her best friend, decided to do something â€Å"extreme† to her hair. The result was half bleach that made her look ancient and theShow MoreRelatedInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pageswe have, then, is an independent little world made of words: a world of forms, images, and sounds that are all designed to work together. This does not mean that works of literature have nothing to do with reality. On the contrary, Walt Whitmans poems often address the reader directly; Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn has everything to do with the history of American slavery; and when Emily Dickinson writes, 1 never hear the word escape Without a quicker †¢blood, she is surely expressing her ovm feelingsRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pages It is likely to be the nonprofit social sector. And that is also the sector where management is today most needed and where systematic, principled, theory-based management can yield the greatest results the fastest. The first Conclusion of this analysis of the ASSUMPTIONS that must underlie Management to make productive both its study and its practice is therefore: Management is the specific and distinguishing organ of any and all organizations. II The One Right Organization Concern with management

I wish I could say I was proud of my generation, but lets face it the media aren’t far wrong Free Essays

The common perception of teenagers today is soiled by images of alcohol, drugs, hoodies, crime, disobedience, violence and unintelligence. Most teenagers would counter this with outrage and blame these demeaning interpretations on a small minority and stereotyping in the media; but I am here to say that we bring it upon ourselves to have such a reputation. I wish I could say I was proud of my generation, but let’s face it: the media aren’t far wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on I wish I could say I was proud of my generation, but lets face it: the media aren’t far wrong or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having been amongst it for many years now, I can safely say that we are a generation of deadbeat, attention seeking, conformist, moaners. Thriving from a lack of discipline, we spend our days free of any common manner: loitering around in a constant sulk, yawning without covering our mouths, wearing caps indoors as if it’s perfectly acceptable. A rare occasion: when â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† is used in an exchange, when a smile is seen to disprove any hostility, or when vocal responses outside of a pathetic mumble are explored. That’ll be the day. These are all rules which would appear obvious to the older generation, however in my generation, they are disregarded and branded as old-fashioned. â€Å"Who needs standards anyway? Get with the times, I’m not hurting anyone!† we plea, as an excuse to act like slobs and walk around in vests eating pasties in the streets before throwing the wrapping on the floor and wiping our hands on our thighs. Not only is there a decline in manner, but there is a decline in language. It pains me to watch the Americanisation of British English slowly materialise, and this is more prominent than ever amongst teenagers. Every sentence is littered with the word â€Å"like†, and words such as â€Å"whatever† and â€Å"dunno† are common responses. Swearing and slang is used to show some sort of rebellion against manner or social inclusion amongst friends†¦ or should I say â€Å"mates†. And now – with the increased reliance on mobile phones – text speak is diseasing the English language with its pointless abbreviations. TBH, IDK what’s wrong with speaking properly. Another embarrassing element of teenage culture is the underage consumption of alcohol, which is now a growing problem amongst teenagers. Flashback 20 years ago and teenagers would be lucky to have a sip of eggnog during Christmas; now, we’re out â€Å"on the lash† almost every weekend. Going out with the general motive of â€Å"having a laugh†, stumbling past careless doormen into dingy clubs, awkwardly mingling with people twice their age, and eventually passing out at 4AM without any care or dignity about them and a little nudge towards liver disease. But why is there the need to drink underage? The fact is that as teenagers, we are resistant to accept our adolescence, we all strive for maturity, all we want is to fit in with the grown-ups. We try and convert our undeveloped minds to fit that of an adult’s by indulging in such substances as coffee, alcohol and maybe (for the extra-mature kids) drugs. We buy lottery tickets the second we turn 16, learn to drive the second we turn 17, and get plastered the second we turn 18. Oh, how mature. While the teenagers race towards maturity, the parents try their hands at being young and hip just once, and are slated beyond belief. We speedily climb the ladder of maturity, whilst our parents wait at the top fuelling us with food, money and too much damn freedom. Aside from acting mature, teenagers have other means of flaunting their independence, such as fashion. A teenager’s sense of fashion is something which often confuses the older generation, and no wonder. Teenagers are now walking around with gaping holes in their ear lobes, absurd hair colours and pieces of metal skewered through their face, it’s like we’ve regressed to the days of the freak show. The reason for this is that we see fashion as a way of self-expression, it’s a contest to see who can have the most unique look, and this often leads to a rather outlandish outcome. However, this is no excuse for wearing sunglasses and caps indoors or girls caking their faces in make-up and wearing revealing outfits. The current state of fashion is a gargantuan mess: people trying to stand out and people trying to fit in with those who stand out; that is the general idea. And the result: a cacophony of cries for attention. Something that is corresponding amidst most teenagers is the constant need to complain, it’s almost as if we enjoy it. Even if we were living the perfect life, we’d probably whine about how it’s â€Å"too perfect†. Facebook is used as a platform for voicing such dire grievances as â€Å"EASTENDERS CANSELLD 4 THA FOOTIE! OMG!† or â€Å"ME MAM BURNT ME CHIKEN NUGETS!† – freedom of speech at its best. Money is an aspect which often spurs complaints: we complain about our lack of money, so we get a job and complain about how bad that is, then we earn money and spend it on trivial things. Then the cycle repeats, over and over and over. Maybe there’s nothing wrong with us complaining, I mean, it’s not like there are people worse off or anything. It’s not easy wielding such a pretentious outlook at my age, it’s a constant struggle, withstanding the strain of influence inflicted by fellow teenagers. Alas, few are those who choose a country walk over a pub crawl, Tchaikovsky over Tupac, broadsheets over booze. â€Å"Stuff the rules, we just wanna have fun!† Will a game of chess and some homemade shortbread entice you? Thought not. How to cite I wish I could say I was proud of my generation, but lets face it: the media aren’t far wrong, Papers

College 2 Essay Example For Students

College 2 Essay The main character of the novel Crime and Punishment by Feodor Dostoevsky, Raskolnikov, is in reality has two totally contradicting personalities. One part of him is intellectual. He is cold, unfeeling and inhumane. He exibits tremendous self-will. It is this side that enables him to commit the most terrible crime imaginable taking another human life. The other part of his personality is warm and compassionate. This is the side of him that does charitable acts and fights out against the evil in his society. The confusion in Raskolnikovs soul is best seen when he tries to help a girl in the street who has been raped and left to the whims of anyone who finds her. Raskolnikov tries to protect her from the evil of the street, gut then stops himself when he is revulsed by the wickedness of his society. Why did I take it upon myself to interfere? Was it for me to try to help? Let them eat one another alive what is it to me? At one time Raskolnikov is both caring and concerned and yet he is able to push aside the whole affair by being totally indifferent. This is how Raskolnikov is able to commit his crime. His intellectual side ignores his conscience and is able to commit the crime in a rational and orderly way. It is his dual character that serves as his punishment. One side of him is able to commit the murders so the other must bear the punishment. He is tortured by the cruelty in mankind and yet he himself is able to repeat it. Ralkolnokove justifies his crime through a philosophy that he has come up with. The man with power is the man to rule over all others. But this power is only given to those who dare to take it. Raskolnikov wanted to see if he had the courage to take that power. He also had to battle with his rationalization of the murbers. He claimed that since Alyona, the first murder victim, was such a parasite to people,it was all right to kill her. He never mentions his other victim, Lizaveta, because she was the sweet and harmless one whose murder he cannot face.The two other characters of the novel who represent these two different sides are Sonya Marmeladov and Svidrigailov. Sonya is the warm side of Raskolnikov. She is a prostitute forced into that field because her father drinks away all of the money in the family. She is meek and submissive. She will give her father her last copeck even if he comes to her totally drunk. Raskolnikov is at once attracted to and repulsed by this personality. Svidrigailov is the cold and detached personality that Raskol nikov both loathes and embraces. The goal of the novel is to make Raskolnikov into one character.Sonya helps bring Raskolnikov back into his emotional, humane side.Through her suffering, she shows him that it is important to have a love for all humanity and that no person should ever be able to exist like a parasite off of another person. Porifery, the official investigating the crime, acts as the intellectual who shows Roskolnikov that all intellect must be used for the good of mankind. As said before the character Raskolnikov in the novel Crime and Punishment is among one of the most realistic and believable characters I have ever read about. He is also the most confusing and distraught man I have been introduced to this entire year. Raskolnikov possesses the most varying personality imaginable and this makes the reasoning behind his actions a mystery, especially in the case of the murder. Determining the rationale in killing the old pawnbroker is a complex process that necessitates deep thought from the reader. It is also a difficult point to argue because Dostoevskys novel is so intensely detailed that different readers can emphasize different aspects of the book in order to attempt to explain Raskolnikovs deeds. Guilt as well as intellectual reasoning prove to be the main motivating factors behind the crime of Raskolnikov. Throughout the novel his actions are usually a result of his striking intelligence or his tormenting conscience, or in the situation of the murder, both. Raskolnikovs idea to kill the old pawnbroker stems from a theory he was developing. It was probable that during his studies at the university he was aquatinted with the popular philosophies of two German thinkers of the time. One of these philosophers is George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who had formulated a conception of an exceptional individual he called a superman. Hegels superman exists for good purposes. He stands above and beyond the ordinary man and works for the good of all men. The most controversial part of this superman theory that Raskolnikov obviously adopts is the Machiavellian belief that the end justifies the mean. This means that anything that could have a beneficial outcome for many should be considered r egardless of the sacrifice of the few. If the intent is noble the method will be justified. According to Hegel, any damaging part of a community should be removed, and one tiny crime will be wiped clean by the good deeds that occur because of it. Civil Disobedience EssayRaslkolnikov uses Napoleon as an example of his extraordinary man throughout the book. He feels that he symbolizes the superman because he stood above common law, and had the nerve to commit nefarious acts in order to reach his goals. However, Raskolnikov does not consider another possibility who fits the mold of the extraordinary superman. Svidrigailov represents an almost perfect embodiment of the superman. He is a cold intellectual who emphasizes his own will above all else. Everything Svidrigailov does is done to either give him pleasure or place him above the normal morality. When Dunya denies him love, though, he finally comes to realize that he is truly unable to stand alone above everyone else without companionship. Where Svidrigailov falls short, so does Raskolnikov. Consequently, when he tries to stand alone, like a Nietzschean superman, he finds that he cannot bear to be cut off from the rest of humanity. This drives Raskolnikov to confess his crime in order to again become a member of society. Solitude opens him to the prospect of confession, and he in turn admits his crime as well as his own shortcoming to Sonia. The essential factors of psycho-analysis that are important in a interpretation of Raskolnikovs behavior in the novel Crime and Punishment, and whose conflict results in Raskolnikovs becoming a criminal are the id, the superego, and the ego. We see that these three parts of Raskolnikovs psyche attribute to his strange behavior and in the end his fate as a criminal. Before beginning an assessment of Raskolnikovs psyche we must discuss Raskolnikovs background, he is an intellectual, a student, and we see obvious effects of an over used intellect throughout the novel. Although Raskolnikov is an intellectual at the beginning and throughout the novel, when we see a flashback to his childhood, we see a dramatic scene where Raskolnikov shows great compassion towards a horse. A conflict between intellect and compassion is a central point of the book. The conflict arises because intellect is not very good at being compassionate, and compassion is generally not logical. This is one of the imposing factors within the psyche of Raskolnikov. Although Raskolnikovs compassion can be classified neatly under superego, morality principal. Intellect does not fit directly into opposition with it under id. Intellect would best be classified under ego, reality principal. The main job being to find a balance between id and superego. A very good example of this mediat ion, is after Raskolnikov gives money to Sonia. This is an extreme extension of his superego, the ego lets it slide by. But after Raskolnikovs ego or intellect analyzes this action he realizes it has broken the balance too much and he regrets it. Almost the same thing happens when Raskolnikov kills the old woman. After the ego analyzes it, the ego disapproves, again a tipping of the scale. A contributing factor to Raskolnikovs chaotic psyche and major factor in the morose attitude of Raskolnikov is his desperate surroundings. We are greeted with dark, dirty, desolate, city where there is no hope anywhere. He is surrounded by drunkards and prostitutes, there are only a few people within the novel who have even an inkling of contentment. Living in this environment it is understandable how he could be so miserable. Getting back to criminality, we see that the criminal could most likely be said to be lacking superego, and be a person ruled by the id. But this is not really the case. Crime is a symbolic expression of tensions and conflicts in the psyche of the criminal (Introduction to Criminology, 2) There is nothing but a conflict, that for the most part has resulted in a stalemate. But every now and again, one part of the psyche takes power and this leads to Raskolnikovs erratic behavior. Raskolnikovs behavior is merely a result of conflict between two extremes, leading him to be so kind yet so cruel at times. One thing which has not been discussed is Raskolnikovs theory that the extraordinary person need not adhere to law. Without going into too much detail this could be said to be an attempt by Raskolnikov to rationalize the desires of his id with his intellect. Leading him to the strange conclusion that it is justified to kill someone if it is beneficial to certain people.In conclusion, Ras kolnikov is the product of a cruel and desperate society and tortured by a chaotic psyche, and eventually his erratic behavior leads him to his downfall. Bibliography: